diff --git a/backend/app/api/http/sessions.py b/backend/app/api/http/sessions.py
index be795a1..c91eb16 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/http/sessions.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/http/sessions.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ from app.db.models import Group, Score, Session, Trainee
 from app.domain.events import Exercise, SessionMode, SessionReport
 from app.domain.roles import Role
 from app.domain.statuses import SERVICE_STATUS_LABELS, DdsQueueCard, StationSnapshot, current
-from app.domain.timers import TimerCode
+from app.domain.timers import TimerCode, TimerState
 from app.scoring.export import to_csv, to_pdf
 from app.scoring.report import build as build_report
 from app.session.access import can_access
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class Signal(BaseModel):
     `severity`; текст обязателен и не заменяется цветом."""
 
     kind: Literal["backlog", "refusals", "offline"]
-    severity: Literal["warn", "violated"]
+    severity: TimerState
     text: str
 
 
@@ -212,14 +212,18 @@ def _signals(
     """
     settings = get_settings()
     signals: list[Signal] = []
-    if len(queue) >= settings.signal_backlog_threshold:
+    # Необработанная — без первичного статуса: он останавливает норматив
+    # DDS_ACK. Принятая или отклонённая карточка висит в очереди до
+    # «Следующей», но реакции курсанта уже не ждёт.
+    pending = sum(not card.timer_stopped for card in queue)
+    if pending >= settings.signal_backlog_threshold:
         signals.append(Signal(
-            kind="backlog", severity="warn",
-            text=f"Очередь: {len(queue)} необработанных карточек",
+            kind="backlog", severity=TimerState.WARN,
+            text=f"Очередь: {pending} необработанных карточек",
         ))
     if state.consecutive_refusals >= settings.signal_refusals_threshold:
         signals.append(Signal(
-            kind="refusals", severity="warn",
+            kind="refusals", severity=TimerState.WARN,
             text=f"Подряд отказов: {state.consecutive_refusals}",
         ))
     if live:
@@ -233,10 +237,10 @@ def _signals(
         )
         if not connected and offline_seconds >= settings.signal_offline_window_seconds:
             signals.append(Signal(
-                kind="offline", severity="violated",
+                kind="offline", severity=TimerState.VIOLATED,
                 text=f"Курсант не на связи {int(offline_seconds)} с",
             ))
-    return sorted(signals, key=lambda signal: signal.severity != "violated")
+    return sorted(signals, key=lambda signal: signal.severity is not TimerState.VIOLATED)
 
 
 @router.get("/active", response_model=list[ActiveSessionOut])
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_session_signals.py b/backend/tests/test_session_signals.py
index e75127e..cc4ba7a 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test_session_signals.py
+++ b/backend/tests/test_session_signals.py
@@ -3,17 +3,18 @@
 import asyncio
 import time
 from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
-from types import SimpleNamespace
 from uuid import uuid4
 
 import pytest
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from sqlalchemy.engine.result import IteratorResult, SimpleResultMetaData
 from starlette.websockets import WebSocketDisconnect
 
 from app.api.auth import Principal
 from app.api.http import sessions as sessions_http
 from app.api.ws import session as session_ws
 from app.config import get_settings
+from app.db.models import Session
 from app.domain.events import Exercise, SessionMode
 from app.domain.roles import Role
 from app.main import app
@@ -156,6 +157,28 @@ def test_signal_backlog_when_queue_reaches_threshold(client, monkeypatch):
         control.__exit__(None, None, None)
 
 
+def test_declined_card_leaves_backlog(client, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setenv("SIGNAL_BACKLOG_THRESHOLD", "2")
+    get_settings.cache_clear()
+    session_id, control = start_two_card_dds(client)
+    try:
+        state = hub.get(session_id)
+        first_card = state.desk.ordered()[0]
+        with client.websocket_connect(f"/ws/station/{session_id}?role=dds") as station:
+            read_until(station, "station.state")
+            station.send_json({
+                "type": "card.status", "service": state.card_services(first_card)[0],
+                "status": "declined", "comment": "не наш адрес, передано в УК",
+            })
+            read_until(station, "station.state")
+        row = row_for(client, session_id)
+        assert row["dds_open_cards"] == 2, "отклонённая карточка ждёт «Следующей» на пульте"
+        assert "backlog" not in signal_kinds(row)
+    finally:
+        hub.stop_ticker(session_id)
+        control.__exit__(None, None, None)
+
+
 def test_signal_refusals_after_two_consecutive_declines(client):
     session_id, control = start_two_card_dds(client)
     try:
@@ -406,11 +429,12 @@ def test_checkpoint_on_another_node_marks_presence_unknown(client, monkeypatch):
         checkpoint_at = datetime.now(UTC)
         hub.drop(session_id)
 
+        row = Session(id=session_id, owner_login="dev",
+                      live_state=snapshot, checkpoint_at=checkpoint_at)
+
         class CheckpointDB:
             async def scalars(self, _query):
-                row = SimpleNamespace(id=session_id, owner_login="dev",
-                                      live_state=snapshot, checkpoint_at=checkpoint_at)
-                return SimpleNamespace(all=lambda: [row])
+                return IteratorResult(SimpleResultMetaData(["Session"]), iter([(row,)])).scalars()
 
         monkeypatch.setattr(sessions_http, "require", lambda _request, _role:
                             Principal(login="dev", full_name="Преподаватель",
diff --git a/frontend/src/shared/api/http.ts b/frontend/src/shared/api/http.ts
index ee7bf9e..691daed 100644
--- a/frontend/src/shared/api/http.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/shared/api/http.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 
 import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 
-import type { Level, SessionMode, SessionReport, StationSnapshot } from "@/shared/types/generated";
+import type {
+  Level, SessionMode, SessionReport, StationSnapshot, TimerState,
+} from "@/shared/types/generated";
 
 import { reportErrorMessage, reportRetryDelay, shouldRetryReport } from "./report.mjs";
 
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ export interface SessionInfo {
 
 export interface Signal {
   kind: "backlog" | "refusals" | "offline";
-  severity: "warn" | "violated";
+  severity: TimerState;
   text: string;
 }